Pandas Introduction

All questions are weighted the same in this assignment.

Part 1

The following code loads the olympics dataset (olympics.csv), which was derrived from the Wikipedia entry on All Time Olympic Games Medals, and does some basic data cleaning.

The columns are organized as # of Summer games, Summer medals, # of Winter games, Winter medals, total # number of games, total # of medals. Use this dataset to answer the questions below.

In [3]:
import pandas as pd

df = pd.read_csv('olympics.csv', index_col=0, skiprows=1)

for col in df.columns:
    if col[:2]=='01':
        df.rename(columns={col:'Gold'+col[4:]}, inplace=True)
    if col[:2]=='02':
        df.rename(columns={col:'Silver'+col[4:]}, inplace=True)
    if col[:2]=='03':
        df.rename(columns={col:'Bronze'+col[4:]}, inplace=True)
    if col[:1]=='№':
        df.rename(columns={col:'#'+col[1:]}, inplace=True)

names_ids = df.index.str.split('\s\(') # split the index by '('

df.index = names_ids.str[0] # the [0] element is the country name (new index) 
df['ID'] = names_ids.str[1].str[:3] # the [1] element is the abbreviation or ID (take first 3 characters from that)

df = df.drop('Totals')
df.head()
Out[3]:
# Summer Gold Silver Bronze Total # Winter Gold.1 Silver.1 Bronze.1 Total.1 # Games Gold.2 Silver.2 Bronze.2 Combined total ID
Afghanistan 13 0 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 0 13 0 0 2 2 AFG
Algeria 12 5 2 8 15 3 0 0 0 0 15 5 2 8 15 ALG
Argentina 23 18 24 28 70 18 0 0 0 0 41 18 24 28 70 ARG
Armenia 5 1 2 9 12 6 0 0 0 0 11 1 2 9 12 ARM
Australasia 2 3 4 5 12 0 0 0 0 0 2 3 4 5 12 ANZ

Question 0

What is the first country in df?

This function should return a Series.

In [2]:
# You should write your whole answer within the function provided. The autograder will call
# this function and compare the return value against the correct solution value
def answer_zero():
    # This function returns the row for Afghanistan, which is a Series object. The assignment
    # question description will tell you the general format the autograder is expecting
    return df.iloc[0]

# You can examine what your function returns by calling it in the cell. If you have questions
# about the assignment formats, check out the discussion forums for any FAQs
answer_zero() 
Out[2]:
# Summer           13
Gold                0
Silver              0
Bronze              2
Total               2
# Winter            0
Gold.1              0
Silver.1            0
Bronze.1            0
Total.1             0
# Games            13
Gold.2              0
Silver.2            0
Bronze.2            2
Combined total      2
ID                AFG
Name: Afghanistan, dtype: object

Question 1

Which country has won the most gold medals in summer games?

This function should return a single string value.

In [4]:
def answer_one():
    return df['Gold'].argmax()
In [5]:
answer_one()
Out[5]:
'United States'

Question 2

Which country had the biggest difference between their summer and winter gold medal counts?

This function should return a single string value.

In [6]:
def answer_two():
    return (df['Gold'] - df['Gold.1']).argmax()
In [7]:
answer_two()
Out[7]:
'United States'

Question 3

Which country has the biggest difference between their summer gold medal counts and winter gold medal counts relative to their total gold medal count?

$$\frac{Summer~Gold - Winter~Gold}{Total~Gold}$$

Only include countries that have won at least 1 gold in both summer and winter.

This function should return a single string value.

In [8]:
def answer_three():
    df2 = df[(df['Gold'] > 0) & (df['Gold.1'] > 0)].dropna()
    return ((df2['Gold'] - df2['Gold.1']) / (df2['Gold'] + df2['Gold.1'])).argmax()
In [9]:
answer_three()
Out[9]:
'Bulgaria'

Question 4

Write a function that creates a Series called "Points" which is a weighted value where each gold medal (Gold.2) counts for 3 points, silver medals (Silver.2) for 2 points, and bronze medals (Bronze.2) for 1 point. The function should return only the column (a Series object) which you created, with the country names as indices.

This function should return a Series named Points of length 146

In [10]:
def answer_four():
    Points = pd.Series(df['Gold.2']*3 + df['Silver.2']*2 + df['Bronze.2'])
    return Points
In [11]:
answer_four()
Out[11]:
Afghanistan                            2
Algeria                               27
Argentina                            130
Armenia                               16
Australasia                           22
Australia                            923
Austria                              569
Azerbaijan                            43
Bahamas                               24
Bahrain                                1
Barbados                               1
Belarus                              154
Belgium                              276
Bermuda                                1
Bohemia                                5
Botswana                               2
Brazil                               184
British West Indies                    2
Bulgaria                             411
Burundi                                3
Cameroon                              12
Canada                               846
Chile                                 24
China                               1120
Colombia                              29
Costa Rica                             7
Ivory Coast                            2
Croatia                               67
Cuba                                 420
Cyprus                                 2
                                    ... 
Spain                                268
Sri Lanka                              4
Sudan                                  2
Suriname                               4
Sweden                              1217
Switzerland                          630
Syria                                  6
Chinese Taipei                        32
Tajikistan                             4
Tanzania                               4
Thailand                              44
Togo                                   1
Tonga                                  2
Trinidad and Tobago                   27
Tunisia                               19
Turkey                               191
Uganda                                14
Ukraine                              220
United Arab Emirates                   3
United States                       5684
Uruguay                               16
Uzbekistan                            38
Venezuela                             18
Vietnam                                4
Virgin Islands                         2
Yugoslavia                           171
Independent Olympic Participants       4
Zambia                                 3
Zimbabwe                              18
Mixed team                            38
dtype: int64

Part 2

For the next set of questions, we will be using census data from the United States Census Bureau. Counties are political and geographic subdivisions of states in the United States. This dataset contains population data for counties and states in the US from 2010 to 2015. See this document for a description of the variable names.

The census dataset (census.csv) should be loaded as census_df. Answer questions using this as appropriate.

Question 5

Which state has the most counties in it? (hint: consider the sumlevel key carefully! You'll need this for future questions too...)

This function should return a single string value.

In [12]:
census_df = pd.read_csv('census.csv')
census_df.head()
Out[12]:
SUMLEV REGION DIVISION STATE COUNTY STNAME CTYNAME CENSUS2010POP ESTIMATESBASE2010 POPESTIMATE2010 ... RDOMESTICMIG2011 RDOMESTICMIG2012 RDOMESTICMIG2013 RDOMESTICMIG2014 RDOMESTICMIG2015 RNETMIG2011 RNETMIG2012 RNETMIG2013 RNETMIG2014 RNETMIG2015
0 40 3 6 1 0 Alabama Alabama 4779736 4780127 4785161 ... 0.002295 -0.193196 0.381066 0.582002 -0.467369 1.030015 0.826644 1.383282 1.724718 0.712594
1 50 3 6 1 1 Alabama Autauga County 54571 54571 54660 ... 7.242091 -2.915927 -3.012349 2.265971 -2.530799 7.606016 -2.626146 -2.722002 2.592270 -2.187333
2 50 3 6 1 3 Alabama Baldwin County 182265 182265 183193 ... 14.832960 17.647293 21.845705 19.243287 17.197872 15.844176 18.559627 22.727626 20.317142 18.293499
3 50 3 6 1 5 Alabama Barbour County 27457 27457 27341 ... -4.728132 -2.500690 -7.056824 -3.904217 -10.543299 -4.874741 -2.758113 -7.167664 -3.978583 -10.543299
4 50 3 6 1 7 Alabama Bibb County 22915 22919 22861 ... -5.527043 -5.068871 -6.201001 -0.177537 0.177258 -5.088389 -4.363636 -5.403729 0.754533 1.107861

5 rows × 100 columns

In [13]:
def answer_five():
    df_copy = census_df.copy()
    return df_copy.groupby('STNAME').agg({'CTYNAME': len})['CTYNAME'].argmax()
In [14]:
answer_five()
Out[14]:
'Texas'

Question 6

Only looking at the three most populous counties for each state, what are the three most populous states (in order of highest population to lowest population)? Use CENSUS2010POP.

This function should return a list of string values.

In [27]:
def answer_six():
    df_copy = census_df[census_df['SUMLEV'] == 50].copy()
    temp_df = df_copy.sort_values(by = ['STNAME','CENSUS2010POP'], ascending = False).groupby('STNAME').head(3)
    return temp_df.groupby('STNAME').sum().sort_values(by = ['CENSUS2010POP'], ascending = False).head(3).index.tolist()
In [28]:
answer_six()
Out[28]:
['California', 'Texas', 'Illinois']

Question 7

Which county has had the largest absolute change in population within the period 2010-2015? (Hint: population values are stored in columns POPESTIMATE2010 through POPESTIMATE2015, you need to consider all six columns.)

e.g. If County Population in the 5 year period is 100, 120, 80, 105, 100, 130, then its largest change in the period would be |130-80| = 50.

This function should return a single string value.

In [29]:
def answer_seven():    
    df_copy = census_df.copy()
    df2 = df_copy.where(df_copy['SUMLEV'] == 50).dropna() #| (df_copy['REGION'] == 2)).dropna().set_index('REGION')
    df2.set_index('CTYNAME', inplace=True)
    data = df2[['SUMLEV',
                'POPESTIMATE2010',
                'POPESTIMATE2011',
                'POPESTIMATE2012',
                'POPESTIMATE2013',
                'POPESTIMATE2014',
                'POPESTIMATE2015']]
    #data['max'] = data.apply(max, axis=1)
    #data['min'] = data.apply(min, axis=1)
    #data['diff'] = abs(data['max'] - data['min'])
    data['diff'] = abs(data['POPESTIMATE2015'] - data['POPESTIMATE2014'])+abs(data['POPESTIMATE2014'] - data['POPESTIMATE2013'])+abs(data['POPESTIMATE2013'] - data['POPESTIMATE2012'])+abs(data['POPESTIMATE2012'] - data['POPESTIMATE2011'])+abs(data['POPESTIMATE2011'] - data['POPESTIMATE2010'])  
    return data['diff'].argmax()
In [30]:
answer_seven()
/opt/conda/lib/python3.6/site-packages/ipykernel/__main__.py:15: SettingWithCopyWarning: 
A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame.
Try using .loc[row_indexer,col_indexer] = value instead

See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy
Out[30]:
'Harris County'

Question 8

In this datafile, the United States is broken up into four regions using the "REGION" column.

Create a query that finds the counties that belong to regions 1 or 2, whose name starts with 'Washington', and whose POPESTIMATE2015 was greater than their POPESTIMATE 2014.

This function should return a 5x2 DataFrame with the columns = ['STNAME', 'CTYNAME'] and the same index ID as the census_df (sorted ascending by index).

In [25]:
def answer_eight():
    df_copy = census_df.copy()
    temp_df = df_copy[((df_copy['REGION'] == 1) | (df_copy['REGION'] == 2)) &
              (df_copy['POPESTIMATE2015'] > df_copy['POPESTIMATE2014']) &
              (df_copy['CTYNAME'] == 'Washington County') ]
    return temp_df[['STNAME','CTYNAME']]
In [26]:
answer_eight()
Out[26]:
STNAME CTYNAME
896 Iowa Washington County
1419 Minnesota Washington County
2345 Pennsylvania Washington County
2355 Rhode Island Washington County
3163 Wisconsin Washington County